Walk into any Indian wedding, festive celebration, or cultural gathering, and one form of jewellery will almost certainly catch your eye — Kundan. With its brilliant gemstones set in refined gold foil, it carries a weight of heritage that no other jewellery style quite matches. But what exactly makes Kundan jewellery so special, and why has it endured for centuries?

In this guide, we cover everything you need to know: its origins, the different styles available today, how to wear it with confidence, and how to keep it looking its best for years to come.

What is Kundan Jewellery?

The word Kundan comes from the Sanskrit term meaning pure gold. In jewellery-making, Kundan refers to a technique where highly refined gold (typically 24-karat) is used as a base into which polished gemstones — real or simulated — are set without prongs or claws.

Instead, thin sheets of gold foil are pressed around each stone, holding it in place while creating a seamless surface.

The result is a stunning combination of vivid colour, glittering stones, and glowing gold — a look that feels both regal and timeless. Unlike machine-made jewellery, traditional Kundan work is entirely handcrafted, making each piece a unique work of art.

Today, the same technique is often applied to more accessible materials such as brass, alloy, and gold-plated bases, allowing the iconic Kundan aesthetic to reach a wider audience while maintaining its luxurious appearance.

The History & Origin of Kundan Jewellery

Kundan jewellery has its roots in the royal courts of Rajasthan and Gujarat, dating back to the Mughal era of the 16th century. It is believed that the craft was introduced to India through Persian and Central Asian influences and later flourished under the patronage of Rajput kings and Mughal emperors.

The city of Jaipur eventually became the centre of Kundan craftsmanship. Skilled artisans, known as Kundansaaz, perfected techniques that were passed down through generations. Jaipur jewellers were particularly famous for combining Kundan work with Meenakari, an intricate enamel painting technique applied to the back of the jewellery.

Royal women such as Mughal queens and Rajput princesses wore elaborate Kundan necklaces, earrings, and headpieces as symbols of wealth and prestige. Over time, the craft spread to other cities including Delhi, Hyderabad, and Lucknow, each adding its own stylistic variations.

Today, Kundan jewellery remains a beloved part of Indian culture, especially for weddings, festivals, and traditional celebrations.

Types of Kundan Jewellery

There are several distinct styles within the Kundan jewellery tradition, each offering its own unique aesthetic.

Classic Kundan

The purest form of the craft, featuring polished gemstones set in refined gold foil on a lac base. Classic Kundan is most commonly used in grand bridal necklaces, chokers, and full jewellery sets.

Kundan Polki

This variation uses uncut diamonds (Polki) rather than polished gemstones. The natural shape of the stones gives the jewellery an antique and raw appearance, making it highly popular for bridal pieces.

Meenakari Kundan

This style combines Kundan stone setting on the front with colourful enamel artwork on the reverse side. The back of the jewellery is often just as beautiful as the front.

Jadau Kundan

A highly intricate and labour-intensive technique in which gemstones are embedded directly into the gold structure of the jewellery. Jadau pieces are considered heirloom-quality.

Contemporary Kundan

Modern interpretations using gold-plated brass, alloy bases, and cubic zirconia stones. These designs offer the classic Kundan look at more affordable prices.

Kundan with Pearls

Pearls are often incorporated as drops or strands within Kundan settings, softening the look and adding elegance to earrings, chandbalis, and layered necklaces.

How to Style Kundan Jewellery

Kundan jewellery naturally draws attention, so styling it well is about balance. Here are some helpful styling tips:

Pair it with a Saree

Silk, Banarasi, or Kanjivaram sarees complement the Kundan necklace set beautifully. A minimal border saree helps the jewellery stand out, especially when paired with a low neckline blouse.

Lehenga & Kundan

rich lehengas in red, ivory, or jewel tones work perfectly with multi colour kundan traditional earrings. A full set including necklace, earrings, and maang tikka is ideal for bridal looks.

Follow the One Statement Rule

If you wear a large Kundan necklace, choose simple earrings to avoid overwhelming the look. Let one piece remain the centre of attention.

Perfect for Festive Wear

Smaller Kundan pieces like jhumkas or pendants can elevate festive outfits such as anarkali suits or elegant kurtas.

Match Metals, Not Stones

Since Kundan jewellery typically features gold tones with multi-coloured stones, focus on matching other accessories to the metal rather than the gemstones.

Consider Hair & Makeup

Updos or pulled-back hairstyles highlight necklaces and earrings. Keep makeup balanced — either bold eyes or bold lips, not both.

Care & Maintenance Tips for Kundan Jewellery

Proper care ensures your Kundan jewellery maintains its shine and structure for years.

• Keep it dry – Avoid wearing it while bathing or swimming.

• Store pieces separately – Wrap them in soft cloth or store in individual pouches.

• Avoid perfumes and chemicals – Apply makeup and perfume before wearing jewellery.

• Clean gently – Use a soft dry cloth after each use.

• Handle carefully – The lac base used in Kundan jewellery can be fragile.

• Use anti-tarnish storage – Silica gel or anti-tarnish strips help maintain the gold finish.

Final Thoughts

Kundan jewellery is far more than an accessory — it is a centuries-old tradition that reflects the artistry of Indian craftsmanship. Each piece carries echoes of royal courts, Mughal artistry, and generations of skilled jewellers.

From heirloom-quality Jadau pieces to modern CZ Kundan designs perfect for weddings and festivals, this style continues to evolve while preserving its cultural roots.

Kundan jewellery remains a timeless symbol of elegance, heritage, and craftsmanship.